Get all the latest data for Istanbul

Prices, rents, yields, forecasts, best neighborhoods, etc.

How's the real estate market doing in Istanbul? (2026)

Last updated on 

Authored by the expert who managed and guided the team behind the Turkey Property Pack

Get all the data you need about the real estate market in Istanbul

Istanbul remains one of the most active residential property markets in Turkey in 2026, but the Istanbul housing market is not moving in one simple direction.

In this updated guide, we will look at current housing prices in Istanbul in 2026, buyer demand, rents, foreign-buyer rules, and the neighborhoods where the market is changing fastest.

We constantly update this blog post so foreign buyers can understand the Istanbul real estate market with fresh data, not old assumptions.

And if you’re planning to buy a property in this place, you may want to download our pack covering the real estate market in Istanbul.

photo of expert ahmet kaymaz

Fact-checked and reviewed by our local expert

✓✓✓

Ahmet Kaymaz 🇹🇷

Attorney at Law

Ahmet Kaymaz, Attorney at Law, provides reliable, personalized legal counsel to foreign clients in Turkey. Based in Antalya, he offers strategic guidance on Turkish investment laws and represents foreign nationals in civil and criminal matters. As a local national, he brings valuable firsthand insight into the legal and real estate landscape, ensuring clients’ interests are handled with expertise and care.

How’s the real estate market going in Istanbul in 2026?

The Istanbul real estate market in 2026 is still liquid, but buyers are more selective than during the very hot years of 2021, 2022, and 2023.

The simplest way to read the Istanbul housing market in 2026 is this: prices are still rising in Turkish lira, but inflation and expensive mortgages make the market feel slower for many local buyers.

In May 2026, the Central Bank of Türkiye reported that Istanbul residential property prices were up 25.4% year-on-year, while new-tenant rents in Istanbul were up 36.7% year-on-year, which means rental pressure is stronger than resale-price pressure.

What's the average days-on-market in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, a normal residential property in Istanbul usually needs about 75 to 90 days to sell if the asking price is realistic and the title is clean.

That citywide estimate hides a wide range, because a well-priced newer apartment near a metro station in Kadıköy, Ataşehir, Şişli, Kağıthane, Beşiktaş, or Üsküdar can sell in 35 to 60 days, while an overpriced older apartment in Esenyurt, Beylikdüzü, Başakşehir, or Arnavutköy can sit for 120 to 180 days or more.

This is slower than the very heated Istanbul property market of 2021 and 2022, but it is still more active than a weak market because Istanbul remains Turkey’s deepest residential market.

Sources and methodology: we compared official sales flow from TurkStat, price momentum from CBRT, and listing depth from Endeksa.
We also checked live asking-market behavior on Sahibinden and compared it with our own Istanbul listing samples.
The days-on-market number is an estimate because Turkey does not publish an official Istanbul days-on-market dataset.

Are properties selling above or below asking in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, most residential properties in Istanbul sell about 7% to 12% below the last asking price, especially when the listing has been online for more than two months.

We estimate that fewer than 10% of Istanbul apartments sell above asking, while roughly 80% to 90% sell at or below asking, and our confidence is moderate because sale-price discounts are not published in a clean official dataset.

The Istanbul homes most likely to get strong offers are newer earthquake-compliant apartments near metro nodes in Kadıköy, Moda, Nişantaşı, Etiler, Bebek, Cihangir, Ataşehir, and central Kağıthane, because these homes are rare and easy to rent.

By the way, you will find much more detailed data in our property pack covering the real estate market in Istanbul.

Sources and methodology: we used price trends from CBRT, transaction context from TurkStat, and listing evidence from Endeksa.
We compared those sources with Sahibinden asking-market data and our own negotiation observations.
The sale-to-asking ratio is a market estimate, not an official statistic, so we treat it as a practical buyer guide.

Get fresh and reliable information about the market in Istanbul

Don't base significant investment decisions on outdated data. Get updated and accurate information.

buying property foreigner Istanbul

What kinds of residential properties can I realistically buy in Istanbul?

For a foreign individual buying residential property in Istanbul, the realistic product is usually an apartment, not a detached house.

Istanbul has villas and historic houses, but most buyers will spend their time comparing apartment blocks, gated compounds, older central flats, and newer redevelopment projects.

What property types dominate in Istanbul right now?

The Istanbul residential property market is dominated by apartments, which likely represent well over 80% of realistic resale and new-build options available to a foreign buyer.

Apartments are the largest share of the Istanbul housing market because most homes for sale are 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 flats in mid-rise buildings, high-rise blocks, or gated residential sites.

This apartment-heavy market exists because Istanbul has dense land use, heavy population pressure, limited central land, earthquake-led redevelopment, and a long tradition of family apartments and site-style compounds.

If you want to know more, you should read our dedicated analyses:

Sources and methodology: we used residential supply clues from TurkStat, district asking prices from Endeksa, and live listing structure from Sahibinden.
We also used foreign-buyer process information from TKGM to focus only on buyable residential property.
We then filtered the data with our own Istanbul district analysis so villas and special-use buildings do not distort the picture.

Are new builds widely available in Istanbul right now?

New-build residential property in Istanbul is widely available in outer and redevelopment districts, but it likely represents only about 20% to 35% of realistic listings in central, established neighborhoods.

As of 2026, the highest concentration of new-build homes in Istanbul is in Başakşehir, Küçükçekmece, Avcılar, Beylikdüzü, Esenyurt, Kartal, Pendik, Tuzla, Çekmeköy, Ataşehir, Ümraniye, and Fikirtepe.

This matters because the most valuable new-build homes in Istanbul are not simply new, but also earthquake-compliant, close to rail transport, and located where resale demand is already proven.

Sources and methodology: we compared construction pipeline data from TurkStat Building Permits, price trends from CBRT, and listings from Endeksa.
We also checked urban-renewal context from the Ministry of Environment.
Our estimate separates new-build availability from new-build quality, because many foreign buyers confuse those two ideas.

Get to know the market before buying a property in Istanbul

Better information leads to better decisions. Get all the data you need before investing a large amount of money.

real estate market Istanbul

Which neighborhoods are improving fastest in Istanbul in 2026?

The fastest-improving Istanbul neighborhoods in 2026 are not always the prettiest areas, but the areas where transport, redevelopment, jobs, and rental demand overlap.

For a foreign buyer, that means the best Istanbul property story is often about micro-locations, not just district names.

Which areas in Istanbul are gentrifying in 2026?

As of 2026, the clearest gentrification areas in Istanbul include Kağıthane, Fikirtepe, Bomonti, Kurtuluş, Yeldeğirmeni, Balat, Fener, Tarlabaşı, Dolapdere, and parts of Kartal and Pendik near rail links.

The visible signs are new cafés and small restaurants in Yeldeğirmeni and Balat, office spillover in Kağıthane and Bomonti, full-building redevelopment in Fikirtepe, and selective street-by-street renovation in Dolapdere and Tarlabaşı.

Over the past two to three years, many of these gentrifying Istanbul neighborhoods have likely seen nominal asking-price gains of 50% to 100%, but the real gain after inflation is much smaller and varies sharply by building quality.

By the way, we’ve written a blog article detailing what are the current best areas to invest in property in Istanbul.

The key point is that Istanbul gentrification is never automatic, because a beautiful street can still have weak title, old structures, or serious earthquake-risk concerns.

Sources and methodology: we combined district evidence from Endeksa, listing-market behavior from Sahibinden, and rail project data from Metro Istanbul.
We also reviewed urban-renewal context from the Ministry of Environment.
We gave more weight to places with visible transport or renewal drivers than to areas promoted only by agents.

Where are infrastructure projects boosting demand in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, the strongest infrastructure-led demand areas in Istanbul are Ataşehir, Ümraniye, Göztepe, Sahrayıcedit, Kağıthane, Mahmutbey, Halkalı, Kartal, Pendik, Kaynarca, Kurtköy, Altunizade, and parts of Üsküdar.

The main drivers are the M12 Göztepe-Ataşehir-Ümraniye metro, the Istanbul Financial Center, the M7 Mahmutbey-Esenyurt extension, the Pendik-Sabiha Gökçen rail corridor, and ongoing upgrades around Altunizade and Çamlıca.

The most important 2026 timeline is the M12 line, which has been reported as nearing completion, while other metro extensions and station corridors are likely to support demand in stages rather than all at once.

In Istanbul, the first price impact usually appears when a station route becomes credible, but the stronger rent and resale effect usually comes after opening, when daily commuting becomes visibly easier.

Sources and methodology: we used project lists from Metro Istanbul, project updates from IBB Transport, and demand context from Istanbul Financial Center.
We also cross-checked transport corridors with asking-price evidence from Endeksa.
Our view is cautious because announced transport projects can boost prices before residents feel any real daily benefit.

Make a profitable investment in Istanbul

Better information leads to better decisions. Save time and money. Download our data.

buying property foreigner Istanbul

What do locals and insiders say the market feels like in Istanbul?

The Istanbul property market feels expensive to local buyers, more negotiable to cash buyers, and very sensitive to building age.

Foreigners often focus on currency and legal process, while local buyers focus on mortgage cost, monthly rent pressure, and earthquake safety.

Do people think homes are overpriced in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, most local buyers and many market insiders believe homes in Istanbul are overpriced for local salaries, even though they still see strong demand for safe and well-located apartments.

The evidence locals usually cite is simple: Istanbul wages have not kept up with apartment prices, mortgage payments are heavy, and CBRT data shows national real house prices are still under inflation pressure.

The counterargument is that Istanbul is Turkey’s largest economic city, rental demand is deep, earthquake-safe stock is scarce, and new-tenant rents are rising faster than sale prices.

Compared with many other Turkish cities, Istanbul has a higher price-to-income burden because central land is scarce, safe buildings command a premium, and high-income jobs are concentrated in fewer districts.

Sources and methodology: we used price and rent data from CBRT, sales evidence from TurkStat, and district price data from Endeksa.
We compared those numbers with our own affordability checks for typical Istanbul apartments.
We do not treat local sentiment as a survey result, but as a market-reading tool.

What are common buyer mistakes people regret in Istanbul right now?

The most common Istanbul buyer regret is buying an older apartment without serious earthquake and building-quality due diligence, especially in central districts where old stock can look attractive but carry hidden structural risk.

The second common regret is paying a foreigner-marketed price for a branded or citizenship-focused project without checking local resale comparables in the same district.

If you want to go deeper, you can check our list of risks and pitfalls people face when buying property in Istanbul.

It’s because of these mistakes that we have decided to build our pack covering the property buying process in Istanbul.

Sources and methodology: we checked foreign-buyer guidance from TKGM, legal process details from Invest in Türkiye, and rental rules from Mevzuat.
We also compared marketed prices with district evidence from Endeksa.
Our buyer-mistake list reflects what creates the biggest loss risk for a non-professional foreign buyer.

Don't buy the wrong property, in the wrong area of Istanbul

Buying real estate is a significant investment. Don't rely solely on your intuition. Gather the right information to make the best decision.

housing market Istanbul

How easy is it for foreigners to buy in Istanbul in 2026?

Legally, buying residential property in Istanbul is easier than many foreigners expect, but practically, the process needs careful checks.

The biggest problem is usually not the right to buy, but the risk of buying the wrong unit at the wrong price with weak due diligence.

Do foreigners face extra challenges in Istanbul right now?

Foreigners face a moderate difficulty level when buying property in Istanbul, because the legal path is open but the paperwork, pricing, language, title checks, and money-transfer steps are harder than for local buyers.

Foreign buyers generally do not need a Turkish residence permit before buying, but they must complete the title-deed process through the land registry, respect restricted-zone rules, obtain a tax number, and use proper identity and payment documentation.

The most Istanbul-specific practical challenge is that many projects marketed to foreigners are priced in a way that does not always match local resale value, especially in Başakşehir, Esenyurt, Beylikdüzü, and some branded-site corridors.

We will tell you more in our blog article about foreigner property ownership in Istanbul.

Sources and methodology: we used official foreign-buyer guidance from TKGM, investment rules from Invest in Türkiye, and market data from TurkStat.
We also checked live pricing evidence from Endeksa.
Our method separates legal access from practical buying risk, because those are not the same thing in Istanbul.

Do banks lend to foreigners in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, banks do lend to some foreign buyers in Istanbul, but financing is selective, paperwork-heavy, and often too expensive to be the main reason to buy.

A realistic foreign-buyer loan-to-value range in Istanbul is often around 40% to 60%, while Turkish-lira mortgage rates remain high because the CBRT policy-rate environment is still tight.

Banks usually want proof of income, passport and tax details, bank statements, property valuation, clean title information, and sometimes translated or notarized documents from the buyer’s home country.

You can also read our latest update about mortgage and interest rates in Turkey.

Sources and methodology: we used monetary-policy context from CBRT data portal, buyer process details from TKGM, and legal baseline information from Invest in Türkiye.
We also reviewed mortgage availability through our own foreign-buyer financing checks.
The loan-to-value figure is a practical market estimate, because each bank treats foreign income and collateral differently.
infographics comparison property prices Istanbul

We made this infographic to show you how property prices in Turkey compare to other big cities across the region. It breaks down the average price per square meter in city centers, so you can see how cities stack up. It’s an easy way to spot where you might get the best value for your money. We hope you like it.

How risky is buying in Istanbul compared to other nearby markets?

Istanbul is riskier than many stable European cities, but it is also more liquid than most nearby Turkish property markets.

The main risks are inflation, currency, earthquake safety, title quality, short-term rental rules, and overpaying in foreign-targeted projects.

Is Istanbul more volatile than nearby places in 2026?

As of 2026, Istanbul looks more volatile than Ankara and more global-cycle sensitive than Izmir, but it is usually more liquid than nearby Marmara markets such as Bursa, Kocaeli, Yalova, and Tekirdağ.

Over the past decade, Istanbul has seen very large nominal price swings in Turkish lira, but the real and hard-currency outcome has depended heavily on inflation, exchange rates, and the exact purchase date.

If you want to go into more details, we also have a blog article detailing the updated housing prices in Istanbul.

Sources and methodology: we compared Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir price data from CBRT, official sales context from TurkStat, and long-run cross-checks from Global Property Guide.
We also checked regional listing evidence from Endeksa.
We focus on volatility after inflation, because nominal lira gains can look stronger than real returns.

Is Istanbul resilient during downturns historically?

Istanbul has been fairly resilient in nominal lira terms during past downturns, but it has not always protected buyers in real terms or in foreign currency.

The most recent major pressure period was the inflation and rate shock of 2023 to 2026, when nominal prices kept rising but real housing returns weakened, so recovery depends on whether inflation and mortgage costs fall.

The Istanbul properties that usually hold value best are earthquake-safer apartments in Kadıköy, Beşiktaş, Şişli, Üsküdar, Ataşehir, central Kağıthane, and strong family neighborhoods close to rail transport.

Sources and methodology: we used real and nominal house-price data from CBRT, sales data from TurkStat, and external history from Global Property Guide.
We then compared this with our own district resilience scoring for Istanbul.
The key lesson is simple: in Istanbul, resilience depends more on building quality and micro-location than on the city average.

Get the full checklist for your due diligence in Istanbul

Don't repeat the same mistakes others have made before you. Make sure everything is in order before signing your sales contract.

real estate trends Istanbul

How strong is rental demand behind the scenes in Istanbul in 2026?

Rental demand is one of the strongest parts of the Istanbul residential property market in 2026.

The reason is simple: many households need to live in Istanbul, but fewer households can easily buy under high mortgage rates.

Is long-term rental demand growing in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, long-term rental demand in Istanbul is still growing, and CBRT data shows new-tenant rents in Istanbul rising faster than residential sale prices.

The main tenant groups are young professionals in finance and services, students near universities, families who cannot buy yet, medical workers near hospital clusters, and expats who want central or rail-connected neighborhoods.

The strongest long-term rental demand in Istanbul is in Kadıköy, Üsküdar, Ataşehir, Şişli, Beşiktaş, Kağıthane, Bakırköy, Kartal, Pendik, and Başakşehir.

You might want to check our latest analysis about rental yields in Istanbul.

Sources and methodology: we used new-tenant rent data from CBRT, district demand signals from Endeksa, and transport context from Metro Istanbul.
We also checked live rentability through our own listing samples and tenant-demand filters.
We focus on long-term rentals separately because short-term rentals in Istanbul face a very different legal framework.

Is short-term rental demand growing in Istanbul in 2026?

Short-term rentals in Istanbul are now heavily shaped by Turkey’s tourism-purpose rental rules, because homes rented for 100 days or less need permit compliance and building-level checks.

As of 2026, short-term rental demand in Istanbul is still supported by tourism, medical visits, business travel, and digital-nomad stays, but investable supply is more restricted than before.

A realistic average occupancy rate for legal, well-located short-term rentals in central Istanbul is often around 55% to 75%, but weak locations or non-compliant units should not be underwritten that way.

The main guest groups are tourists in Sultanahmet and Galata, business travelers near Şişli and Ataşehir, digital nomads in Kadıköy and Cihangir, and regional visitors near hospitals and transport hubs.

By the way, we also have a blog article detailing whether owning an Airbnb rental is profitable in Istanbul.

Sources and methodology: we used official tourism-rental rules from Mevzuat, tourism and mobility context from DHMI, and sector context from Türkiye Tourism Promotion and Development Agency.
We also checked legal operating constraints against our own Istanbul short-let suitability filters.
Our occupancy estimate assumes a legal unit in a demand area, not a random apartment listed online.
infographics comparison property prices Istanbul

We made this infographic to show you how property prices in Turkey compare to other big cities across the region. It breaks down the average price per square meter in city centers, so you can see how cities stack up. It’s an easy way to spot where you might get the best value for your money. We hope you like it.

What are the realistic short-term and long-term projections for Istanbul in 2026?

The base case for Istanbul residential property in 2026 is continued nominal price growth, stronger rent pressure, and very selective buyer demand.

That means good apartments can still perform, while weak buildings and overpriced outer projects can remain hard to resell.

What's the 12-month outlook for demand in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, the 12-month demand outlook for residential property in Istanbul is stable to moderately stronger, especially for safe, rentable, metro-linked apartments.

The key factors over the next 12 months are CBRT interest-rate policy, inflation, lira stability, foreign-buyer demand, construction costs, urban renewal, and whether sellers reduce inflated asking prices.

Our base forecast is that Istanbul residential prices rise about 20% to 30% in nominal lira terms over the next 12 months, while real prices likely stay roughly flat to mildly positive for better assets.

By the way, we also have an update regarding price forecasts in Turkey.

This forecast is not a promise, because Istanbul can show nominal gains while foreign-currency returns remain weaker if the lira falls.

Sources and methodology: we used May 2026 price and rent data from CBRT, sales data from TurkStat, and asking-market evidence from Endeksa.
We also included transport and employment drivers from Metro Istanbul and Istanbul Financial Center.
Our forecast is conservative because high mortgage costs still limit how fast buyers can chase asking prices.

What's the 3–5 year outlook for housing in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, the 3 to 5 year outlook for Istanbul housing is positive in nominal terms, but the best real returns should come from newer, earthquake-safer, transit-linked apartments rather than from the city average.

The major drivers over the next 3 to 5 years are urban transformation, the M12 and other rail corridors, the Istanbul Financial Center area, redevelopment in Fikirtepe, and continued demand for safe family housing.

The single biggest uncertainty is whether inflation, interest rates, and the lira stabilize enough for local buyers to regain purchasing power without pushing construction costs even higher.

Sources and methodology: we used long-run house-price data from CBRT, new-supply context from TurkStat Building Permits, and urban-renewal context from the Ministry of Environment.
We also checked infrastructure timing through Metro Istanbul.
Our 3 to 5 year view is asset-specific because Istanbul has both scarce prime stock and overbuilt outer-district stock.

Are demographics or other trends pushing prices up in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, demographic pressure still supports Istanbul housing prices, but the bigger force is demand for safe, well-located, rentable homes inside a very large city.

The most important demographic shifts are student demand, household formation, internal migration, job concentration, and the pressure from families who want to move out of older earthquake-risk buildings.

The non-demographic trends pushing Istanbul prices are metro-led commuting changes, lifestyle demand in Kadıköy and Beşiktaş, office spillover near Kağıthane and Ataşehir, and foreign-buyer interest in hard-currency comparisons.

These pressures should continue for several years, but they will not lift every Istanbul apartment equally because weak buildings and poorly connected projects can still underperform.

Sources and methodology: we used population and macro context from TurkStat, rent and price data from CBRT, and urban transformation context from the Ministry of Environment.
We also used transport data from Metro Istanbul.
We give more weight to quality-adjusted scarcity than to raw population growth alone.

What scenario would cause a downturn in Istanbul in 2026?

As of 2026, the most likely downturn scenario for Istanbul is a mix of high interest rates, lower inflation, weaker foreign demand, falling hard-currency confidence, and sellers finally cutting inflated asking prices.

The early warning signs would be longer days-on-market in Kadıköy and Şişli, larger discounts in Başakşehir and Esenyurt, slower foreign-buyer sales, weaker rent growth, and more developers offering payment campaigns.

A realistic Istanbul downturn could mean a 10% to 15% nominal fall in weaker districts, or a 15% to 25% hard-currency loss if the lira weakens sharply while sale prices fail to adjust upward.

Sources and methodology: we stress-tested price data from CBRT, transaction flow from TurkStat, and listing behavior from Endeksa.
We also compared downside risk with our own Istanbul district liquidity model.
We treat downturn risk as uneven because Istanbul usually has a two-speed market between prime safe stock and weak stock.

Make a profitable investment in Istanbul

Better information leads to better decisions. Save time and money. Download our data.

buying property foreigner Istanbul

What sources have we used to write this blog article?

Whether it’s in our blog articles or the market analyses included in our property pack about Istanbul, we always rely on the strongest methodology we can … and we don’t throw out numbers at random.

We also aim to be fully transparent, so below we’ve listed the authoritative sources we used, and explained how we used them and the methods behind our estimates.

Source used Why we trust it How we used it
Central Bank of Türkiye Residential Property Price Index It is the official quality-adjusted housing price index for Turkey and its main cities. We used it to measure Istanbul residential price momentum in 2026. We also used the new-tenant rent index to compare rent pressure with sale-price pressure.
Central Bank of Türkiye data portal It is the primary official source for Turkish monetary and housing-market releases. We used it to check the latest macro and housing context. We also used it to avoid relying on stale mortgage and interest-rate assumptions.
TurkStat House and Commercial Property Sales Statistics TurkStat is Turkey’s official statistics agency and the cleanest source for transaction volumes. We used it to benchmark demand, resale activity, mortgaged sales, and foreign-buyer volumes. We used it to avoid reading the Istanbul market from prices alone.
TurkStat Building Permits It is the official construction-pipeline source for new residential supply. We used it to judge whether new-build supply is abundant or constrained. We compared permits with buyer demand and urban-transformation pressure.
TKGM Land Registry Guide for Foreigners TKGM is the official land-registry and cadastre authority in Turkey. We used it to explain foreign-buyer purchase steps and title-deed checks. We used it to avoid relying on agent claims about what foreigners can buy.
Invest in Türkiye Property and Citizenship Guide It is the official investment office source for foreign ownership and citizenship-related property rules. We used it to verify that foreigners can buy property without first having a residence permit. We also used it to confirm the citizenship property threshold and resale restriction context.
Short-term rental regulation on Mevzuat It is the official legal text for tourism-purpose home rental implementation details. We used it to explain the 100-day-or-less short-term rental framework. We used it because Airbnb-style rental rules directly affect Istanbul rental income.
Ministry of Environment Istanbul urban renewal information It is an official source for Istanbul earthquake-risk and urban-renewal support. We used it to explain why earthquake-safe stock commands a premium. We also used it to connect urban transformation with buyer demand.
Metro Istanbul project lines Metro Istanbul is the official operator and a key source for metro project status. We used it to identify districts affected by rail projects. We cross-checked metro corridors against neighborhood demand and listing evidence.
Endeksa Istanbul residential index Endeksa is a recognized Turkish property-valuation and listing-data platform. We used it for asking-price levels and district comparisons where official data is too broad. We treated it as private-sector market evidence, not official transaction data.
Sahibinden Emlak Endeksi Sahibinden is one of Turkey’s largest property listing platforms with a published real-estate index. We used it to sense live asking-market behavior and listing pressure. We cross-checked it with CBRT and Endeksa so one portal does not dominate the analysis.
DHMI airport statistics DHMI is Turkey’s official airport authority and a useful source for mobility and tourism signals. We used it as a tourism and mobility demand proxy for Istanbul. We compared that demand with short-term rental rules before discussing Airbnb-style income.